I figured its time to revisit this. One question I get from alot of people is tube equipment vs solid state. The truth is, one isnt better than the other. Most people think automatically that tube equipment
should sound better than solid state. There are many fine examples of both out there, but there are many differences between them. I'll try and not be biased, as Im a tube guy myself. The biggest selling point of a solid state amplifier is the amount of power it puts out. Its relatively easy to make big power on solid state, which is why you see many amps out there for little money, but boasting gobs of power. Your average solid state amplifier can power most speakers out there properly, without breaking a sweat or clipping. The clean sound of a transistor amp comes from the large amounts of negative feedback injected into the signal, because without it, the distortion would be high enough to send your speakers to the big landfill in the sky...or call me over to replace the shit thats fried :lol:. Many transistor amps are also stable into lower resistance loads...some of them even being 2 ohm stable, which is very good to have on a speaker thats harder to drive, as it keeps those woofers under control when you get to the deepest of bass notes. With the amount of negative feedback, a good transistor amp will have a black background, even if you have the knob cranked up all the way...generally, no hiss would be heard unless you put your ear to the speaker. Modern transistor amps are highly reliable...with the grade of components used today, a good one will last decades easily. One thing many people like is how light they are on the power bill...transistors are low voltage devices, and dont need much to get them going. A moderate power (50W or so) transistor amp may only draw 80W from the wall at full tilt, which is nothing compared to tubes.
Now...to the cons. Transistors have a very cold, edgy sound. Some people will run a tube preamp with a transistor power amp, just to calm down the edginess. Most solid state amps have a "slow" sound to them as well, and arent very good at reproducing the depth and width of the sound stage. Because of all of this, transistors dont have the same musicality (how enjoyable it sounds) of a tube amplifier. There are exceptions, but in general, this is what you would find in a solid state amp. A little advice for you people about amp/receiver buying. Pay attention to the output power vs THD (total harmonic distortion) while shopping. Many manufacturers always measure THD at 1W output power with a 1KHz signal. A good manufacturer will measure it at full output at 1KHz. For an amp thats measured at 1W and rated at 0.01% THD, how lovely do you think it will sound when you wanna add more juice to that already anemic 1W? The THD will creep up pretty quick! Most manufacturers will list in the specs of their equipment if it was measured at 1W or full tilt.
Now, on to the tubes. Those glowy things your dad told you not to touch, or youd get burned. Its kind of a catch 22. If you want big power, itll cost you dearly, and if you want flea power (under 10W), it
can cost you dearly too. Most tube amplifiers are rated somewhere in the neighborhood of 15 to 25W. Most would ask, why would somebody want a lower powered amp? Well, 99% of the musical information is carried in the first watt going to your speakers...each additional one adds distortion, as well as make the signal louder. My motto is, if the first watt sucks, why add more to it? Tubes have a much higher dynamic range than sold state amplifiers...as they can produce peaks of +10dB when the action gets going. To the human ear, every +5dB increase is perceived twice as loud. A good transistor amp may only be able to hit +3dB peaks. This is why those not in the know think tube watts are louder than transistor watts. Watts is watts...its all in the power supply, not the output components of the amp

. The fact of the matter is, the power supply in a tube circuit is much better able to cope with those peaks than a transistor amp...it can feed the beast when the need arises. Tubes also have a much wider and deeper sound stage than their transistorized cousins. A good soundstage describes the ability of the music system to reproduce the acoustic information about the shape, size, space and acoustic characteristics of the venue in which the recording was made. A good soundstage can place the location of the performers or instruments in front of the listener and often extends beyond the boundaries of the speakers in the system. If you want to have the closest thing to a live band in your house, tubes are the way to fly. As an added bonus, the output transformers will save your speakers from rogue DC current should it happen to make its way through the amp. With a transistor amp...either A) your speakers are toast, or B) the manufacturer was smart enough to include protection fuses.
Now...the bad stuff. Tubes have very high distortion. This isnt totally a bad thing, its actually good with some topologies such as the one I built a couple of years ago. The THD of my amp is ~5%...is your jaw off the floor yet? To make it even more jaw dropping, thats at a full output of 3.5W. The key here, is that its all 2nd order harmonic distortion. 2nd order harmonics are good when kept to reasonable levels. The triode SE (single-ended) gain stage produces a stereotypical monotonically decaying harmonic distortion spectrum that is dominated by significant 2nd order harmonics making the sound seem "rich" or even "fat". In laymans terms, the 2nd order harmonics are pleasing to the ear...they dont offend like higher odd order harmonics found in solid state amps. Too much 2nd order harmonic content indeed does sound bad, but you wont find it until youre over 10% THD...as the sound will become "fuzzy" sounding...too warm with a winter coat on in a desert type of warm. One thing with tubes, as that the speakers be carefully matched to the amp. Ideally, speakers for a tube amp should be rated
atleast 8 ohms and 90dB 1W/m...thats if youre going to run the typical 10W+ type of amp. If you want to play with flea power, look at something over 95dB 1W/m. My Electro Voices are rated at 101dB...much needed since my amp only puts out 3.5W at full tilt. Tubes like difficult to drive loads...a speaker rated at 16 ohms will play much better on a tube amp than it will with a solid state amp. Constant loads are preferred as well...something rather benign that doesnt deviate much from its listed impedance. A speaker that has large impedance dips (dips below 4 ohms when the bass hits) can cause oscillation (instability). Tubes are also very expensive. This is why some choose to build their own, as its much more cost effective. The amp that was built by me cost me ~$700 in parts alone....the equivalent amp off the shelf would run somebody ~$1500 or more. The tubes themselves are also very expensive...your run of the mill early 1960s tube receiver will cost ~$200 just to completely re-tube it...whereas a transistor will cost you a few dollars. While the components in a tube amp are very reliable and will last many years, expect to be replacing tubes every few years.
All in all, the best way to judge is to listen for yourself. Me, or anybody else can make recommendations all day long, but listen with your own ears and judge for yourself. There is no right or wrong way to do it...its all about the sound you prefer. Some like the edgier sound of transistors, and some like the warmer sound of tubes. Never buy a piece of equipment without listening to it first...its easy to throw money away doing so. Many good sellers will have a 30 day in home trial...and will gladly take back the piece if you dont like it. Lastly, pay the smaller guys a visit and spend your money there. For as tempting as it is to walk into Best Buy or any other big box store, and have a pimply faced teenager stack loads of China-shit in your basket...the smaller shops will lead you the right way, and sell you better quality gear for not a whole lot more than the big box places.