Looks like a used ring & pinion? (Note: you cannot change the pattern on a used gear)
Drive is normal, coast is off.
If preloads are correct and lash is .008"-.010 run it.
No. Bad Bearings do not howl. Nor are they throttle sensitive (unless preload is gone and the pinion or carrier are floating).
Sounds like your describing a worn ring & pinion that noisy on the float.
Cant tell from the gear surface. If it has scores/burn marks or is excessively shiny it would be bad/make noise.
Did you keep the pinion shim with the housing?
That looks like a spool. I take it this is for drag racing. Solid bushings or anything that would transfer the noise like solid ladder bars?